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I am currently pursuing a bachelor's degree in Electronic, Communication and Information Engineering at Pashchimanchal Campus(WRC), IOE, Tribhuvan University. I am passionate about Cybersecurity, Software Development and Data Science.
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If you're encountering system crashes after rebooting following an update or upgrade, this guide will help you troubleshoot and resolve the issue. The following steps outline the process I used to fix the problem on my system successfully.
Let us look into the GRUB configuration first.
To fix your GRUB configuration by booting into a live USB environment, follow these steps:
First, you’ll need a bootable USB drive with a Linux distribution. You can use tools like Rufus (on Windows) or dd (on Linux) to create this.
Rufus is simply a GUI which can be used to make USB bootable.
dd is used in a shell in a Linux system with the command line of
sudo dd if=path/to/file.iso of=/dev/<device-name> bs=1M status=progress
Insert the USB drive into your computer and boot from it entering the BIOS setup or using the boot menu. The menu is often accessed by pressing keys like F2, F10, F12, ESC during boot which is dependent upon the vendor.
Once you’ve booted into the live environment as a guest, then fire up the terminal to perform the remaining steps.
Identify the partitions of your installed Linux system. You can use the GUI gparted which can be installed using the command sudo apt install gparted or can be used lsblk or fdisk -l command to list the partitions. Look for your root partition and your EFI or boot partition (if applicable).
Mount the necessary partitions. You’ll need to mount the root partition and the EFI/boot partition(if applicable).
Let us assume /dev/sda2 is your root partition and /dev/sda1 is your EFI/boot partition then we can use the following command to mount:
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi #only if you have EFI file
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
Bind mount the necessary system directories. The bind option of the mount command allows you to remount part of a file hierarchy at a different location while it is still available at the original location.
sudo mount —bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount —bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount —bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo mount —bind /run /mnt/run
Change root into the mounted system:
sudo chroot /mnt
Now, you can edit the GRUB configuration file. Open the GRUB configuration file located /etc/default/grub using any text editor, such as nvim, vim, nano or any other editor.
using nano: nano /etc/default/grub
using vim: vim /etc/default/grub
Find the line that sets the GRUB timeout and change it. For example, change
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0 to GRUB_TIMEOUT=10.
Save the file and exit the editor (in nano, you can save by pressing CTRL+O, to exit CTRL+X; in vim or nvim press esc and then type :wq which will save and exit.
To apply the changes you made just runt the command
update-grub
Exit the Chroot environment and unmount the partitions
exit
sudo umount /mnt/boot/efi
sudo umount /mnt/dev
sudo umount /mnt/proc
sudo umount /mnt/sys
sudo umount /mnt/run
sudo umount /mnt
Finally, reboot your system
sudo reboot
Remove the USB drive and let your system boot normally. The GRUB menu should now appear with the updated timeout value. By these steps, you should be able to edit your GRUB configuration and fix the issue with the boot menu not showing.
For this case, Follow the above steps up to 7 then run
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
using the above command you can be able to recover your system.
If the system still through the error then follow the steps:
Make sure your PC is connected to the internet either by ethernet or wireless.
When running the command sudo apt update or sudo apt upgrade when there is any error like suppose libglibd-2.0-0. If so, then visit the link https://packages.debian.org/stable/libs/libglibd-2.0-0 from where depending upon your system you have to download manually and install using dpkg.
Repeat the process until update or upgrade stops throwing errors. After the success of update and upgrade move to next step.
After the success in update and upgrade of the system reboot the system and remove USB and let your system boot normally.
Whether it's editing the GRUB timeout, addressing boot menu visibility, or recovering from update errors, these methods provide a reliable way to troubleshoot common issues. If you continue to encounter problems, make sure to check for specific error messages, consult the community for guidance and do proper research before you apply. By applying the above methods, the problem within my system was solved.